637. Average of Levels in Binary Tree

Given a non-empty binary tree, return the average value of the nodes on each level in the form of an array.

Example 1:
Input:
3
/ \
9 20
/ \
15 7
Output: [3, 14.5, 11]

Explanation: The average value of nodes on level 0 is 3, on level 1 is 14.5, and on level 2 is 11. Hence return [3, 14.5, 11].
Note: The range of node’s value is in the range of 32-bit signed integer.

Solution in python:

1. BFS

   # Definition for a binary tree node.
   # class TreeNode:
   #     def __init__(self, x):
   #         self.val = x
   #         self.left = None
   #         self.right = None
   class Solution:
   def averageOfLevels(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[float]:
       ave = []
       queue = [root]
       num = 1
       values, new_num= 0, 0
       while queue:
           for i in range(num):
               node = queue.pop(0)
               values += node.val
               if node.left:
                   queue.append(node.left)
                   new_num += 1
               if node.right:
                   queue.append(node.right)
                   new_num += 1
   
           ave.append(values/num)
           num = new_num
           new_num, values = 0, 0
   
       return ave

Complexity analysis:
Time complexity: O(n). The whole tree is traversed atmost once. Here, n refers to the number of nodes in the given binary tree.
Space complexity: O(m). The size of queue or ave can grow upto atmost the maximum number of nodes at any level in the given binary tree. Here, m refers to the maximum mumber of nodes at any level in the input tree.