105. 从前序与中序遍历序列构造二叉树

给定一棵树的前序遍历 preorder 与中序遍历 inorder。请构造二叉树并返回其根节点。

示例 1:

Input: preorder = [3,9,20,15,7], inorder = [9,3,15,20,7]
Output: [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]

示例 2:

Input: preorder = [-1], inorder = [-1]
Output: [-1]

提示:

• 1 <= preorder.length <= 3000
• inorder.length == preorder.length
• -3000 <= preorder[i], inorder[i] <= 3000
• preorder 和 inorder 均无重复元素
• inorder 均出现在 preorder
• preorder 保证为二叉树的前序遍历序列
• inorder 保证为二叉树的中序遍历序列

Python 解答：
1.递归

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def buildTree(self, preorder: List[int], inorder: List[int]) -> TreeNode:
        if not preorder:
            return None
        else:
            root = TreeNode()
            root.val = preorder[0]
            index = inorder.index(root.val)
            root.left = self.buildTree(preorder[1:index+1], inorder[:index])
            root.right = self.buildTree(preorder[index+1:], inorder[index+1:])
            return root